Dense human populations adjacent to wildlands, through and adjacent road networks, and up to 6 million acres of prescribed burning performed every year makes smoke a potential forestry-related air quality problem. The risk of smoke movement from forest related projects into increasing numbers of sensitive areas, such as, airports, highways, and human communities, threatens the continued use of prescribed fire. Prescribed fire, as a very effective forest management tool in maintaining fire-dependent ecosystems and reducing the level of wildland fire threat to both wildland and human communities, has no equal.